The Aspire to Innovate (a2i) program has been working with various government ministries and departments, including the Department of Social Services (DSS) to digitize payments under the social security net (SSN). This report highlights MSC’s evaluation of the digitization and provides field insights captured from beneficiaries, agents, and DSS officials during the enrollment, disbursement, and withdrawal of SSN payments. It also identifies legacy process changes in the new digitized processes and recommends improvements in the banking and government delivery process.
In recent years, agent banking in Bangladesh has gained tremendous impetus to drive financial services and accelerate financial inclusion. The Aspire to Innovate (a2i) program, through MSC, commissioned a study to gauge the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on banking agents. This report provides recommendations for the Ministry of Social Welfare and Banks to help build resilience to the pandemic.
MSC conducted research to understand how the low- and middle-income (LMI) segments cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. We covered five countries—Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Kenya, and Uganda. In Kenya, we spoke to 162 low- and moderate-income households to examine how this pandemic has affected their lives and their efforts to survive. This report from Kenya offers a glimpse into their challenges, concerns, and new opportunities in these trying times.
Vietnam has benefited greatly from digitized services in battling the pandemic. Wallets saw increased traction for P2P transfers, bill payments, and P2M payments for essential services, owing to the lockdown and aversion to the exchange of cash. Meanwhile, super apps like Grab, Zalo, MoMo, Now, and Tiki gained significance as they offer the convenience of online shopping, digital payments, and delivery services to the average Vietnamese.
The i3 Program, with support from the MetLife Foundation, creates opportunities for merchants to go digital and makes the digital ecosystem of Vietnam more inclusive and seamless.
This video explores the digital journey of Vietnam during COVID-19.
The #COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected the economy of #Indonesia and MSC has been tracking the impact of the pandemic on low- and middle-income (LMI) households, which have uncertain and irregular incomes. Through this report, we want to highlight MSC’s work on understanding the economic and health impact of COVID-19 on low-middle income (LMI) Indonesians.
“I always thought mobile money companies partner only with supermarkets and malls in Dhaka. But, COVID has changed everything. The government wants small shopkeepers to support them by using digital cash. I am happy I am able to contribute and keep my country safe by using digital payments.” says Khushi, a grocery shop owner in Dhaka.
Khushi and her husband have been running a grocery shop for the last 15 years on the ground floor of their house in Khilgaon, Dhaka. Khushi usually attends the business from morning to evening. Her husband works as a clerk in a private company during the day and looks after the business from the evening until around 11 p.m. Their shop caters to around 200-300 customers per day with daily sales of about BDT 15,000 (USD 200). Khushi mentions, “Since all my business transactions are cash-based, I have to keep sufficient cash to ensure smooth functioning of the shop.”
“These days, many superstores and branded shops accept digital payments through mobile financial service (MFS) wallets. I recently used my bKash wallet at a shoe store,” says Khushi. As a customer, she found the process straightforward and simple to follow. Although she is not aware of the backend process of a digital wallet transaction, Khushi finds the process quite fast, attractive, and easy.
Khushi is also interested in opening a merchant MFS account to accept digital payments from her customers. She mentions, “I already receive one or two payments daily in my personal MFS wallet from customers, but only if they are short of cash.” However, Khushi does not encourage digital payments, as cash withdrawal from her MFS wallet is chargeable.
Unfolding the impact of the pandemic
The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh saw restricted mobility due to lockdowns in Q2 and Q3 2020. This also affected Khushi’s business. She was only allowed to keep the shop open until 2 p.m., less than half of her usual business hours. Khushi also cut down her expenditure to basic household necessities and even dipped into her savings to manage expenses and cover losses. These circumstances persisted until June, 2020. As the situation gradually returns to normal, Khushi feels she will be able to resume regular business operations and continue with her regular business.
Khushi notes, “I hear from other grocers that before COVID-19, MFS providers only partnered with retail chains, branded shops, and large restaurants. They were less interested to tie up with small merchants like us.” Khushi believes this has changed because micro-merchants like her cater to hundreds of customers every day. MFS providers now recognize the value of onboarding these merchants, especially in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Now customers and merchants alike perceive digital payments as a quicker, easier, and safer way to transact. Khushi is hopeful that some providers will eventually see the value of onboarding women micro-merchants on the MFS platform. She concludes, “I studied until the higher secondary level and I am also comfortable using a mobile or any digital device to conduct transactions. But I suspect providers need to see the value of partnering with us (women-led businesses).”
Key takeaways
Small and emerging micro-merchants like Khushi are part of the thousands of micro-enterprises that operate in Bangladesh. The retail commerce landscape has been changing rapidly. Since 2012-2013, it contributes an average of 13% to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Bangladesh. Micro-merchants are the backbone of the economy and essential to the government’s agenda. This involves achieving targets that include the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) agenda and the Vision 2021 commitment to provide financial services at the doorsteps of the citizen.
The demand for digital payments as an option is on the rise among urban and semi-urban micro-merchants. A digital-ready merchant can build a credible profile and possibly access credit based on a digital trail of transactions. Ever-increasing smartphone ownership (40% of the population) and internet penetration (25% of the population) can fuel the growing interest in digital transaction options across all demographic strata. The concerted effort of providers will not only bring more merchants into the digital fold but also help retain the money or float of customers within their digital eco-system.
MicroSave Consulting (MSC), with support from MetLife Foundation, has been implementing the i3 Program Bangladesh and Vietnam since 2018. The i3 program, which stands for “Innovate, Implement, and Impact,” works to utilize digital technology and uncover deep insights into the needs, aspirations, and behaviors of low and moderate-income (LMI) people to build and deliver financial services for the mass market. MSC has been working with frontrunners in financial services, from banks to FinTechs and wallet providers to governments, to help LMI segments move toward better financial health by supporting micro-merchants like Khushi through demand- and supply-side interventions.
We look forward to continued dialogue, learning, and supporting financial inclusion in Bangladesh. Stay tuned for more updates on www.i3program.org.
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Khushi and her husband have been running a grocery shop for the last 15 years on the ground floor of their house in Khilgaon, Dhaka. Khushi usually attends the business from morning to evening. Her husband works as a clerk in a private company during the day and looks after the business from the evening until around 11 p.m. Their shop caters to around 200-300 customers per day with daily sales of about BDT 15,000 (USD 200). Khushi mentions, “Since all my business transactions are cash-based, I have to keep sufficient cash to ensure smooth functioning of the shop.”